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August 2009

 

 

 
Eu contributes to boost agricultural production in poor countries
Global
EU Contributes to Boost Agricultural Production in Poor Countries
Scientists Unlock Rice Diversity

Africa
Tanzanian Farmers Find Yield Potential of GM Crops More Important than Risks
Uganda Explores Next Generation Cotton
Kenya Students Have Low Biotech Awareness

Americas
Researchers Identify Plant Barcode Genes
Scientists Team Up to End Malnutrition in Africa
SemBioSys Awarded Key U.S. Patent for the Production of Insulin in Plants

Asia and the Pacific
Gates Foundation Receives Indira Gandhi Prize
Scientists Help Afghanistan Fight Deadly Wheat Disease
KTNA Supports Biotechnology Development in Indonesia
Bio-business Prospects in Indonesia

Europe
Global Welfare Effects of GM Sugar Beet
Germany's GM Maize Ban Unfounded, Scientists Say
Organic Food Not Healthier than Conventional Produce, Study Finds

Research
HIV Microbicides from Transgenic Tobacco Plants
Bt Corn Poses Negligible Risk to Web Building Spiders

ANNOUNCEMENTS

GLOBAL
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EU CONTRIBUTES TO BOOST AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN POOR COUNTRIES
The European Union (EU) has committed €75 million (US$105 million) to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to help poor countries in 13 countries in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and Central America boost agricultural production. This is in addition to the €125 million ($170 million) donation it gave in June 2009.

"Europe's help comes at a critical moment," said José Maria Sumpsi, FAO's Assistant Director-General of the Technical Cooperation Department. "One out of six persons on this planet is undernourished - more than ever before. Poor countries need all the assistance possible. We are grateful for Europe's unequivocal support," he said. The EU has called for more investment in agriculture and the need to refocus the world's attention on farming.

Visit http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/21645/icode/ for the full story.

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SCIENTISTS UNLOCK RICE DIVERSITY
An international collaboration by researchers from Asia, North America and Europe has made it possible to better understand the genetic diversity of rice which in turn will help improve rice production. The onlineProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences discussed the findings of the research team which scrutinized the genomes of 20 different types of genetically diverse rice used in international breeding.

Scientists are zeroing on single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNP that differentiate rice varieties. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Director General Robert Zeigler says, "If breeders know more about the genetic makeup of rice, they can use it more effectively. As we face more erratic changes in climate, we will increasingly rely on using the untapped diversity of rice to develop new and improved rice varieties."

Collaborators include the Colorado State University, Michigan State University, Perlegen Sciences, Inc., McGill University, the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, the Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, and Cornell University with support from a consortium of institutions and donors including the Generation Challenge Program, and the United States Department of Agriculture.

For the IRRI press release visit http://beta.irri.org/news/

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AFRICA
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TANZANIAN FARMERS FIND YIELD POTENTIAL OF GM CROPS MORE IMPORTANT THAN RISKS
Farmers in Tanzania are more interested on the productivity potential of genetically-modified (GM) crops than they are worried about the possible risks associated with their use, according to a study conducted by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and the University of Leeds. Using disease-resistant cassava as an example, the researchers assessed the understanding and attitudes of local farmers toward GM crops. The farmers identified yield, growth patterns, pest and disease resistance, labor requirements and taste as important qualities of GM crops.

The researchers also found that the level of awareness and basic understanding of GM crops by small-scale farmers is very low. They identified the lack of related terminology in Swahili as a barrier to raising awareness on GM crops in Tanzania. Caroline Herron, a researcher at IITA, said that "it is important for the scientific community to raise the awareness level of farmers by providing accurate and objective information so they can make informed and autonomous decisions on the potential of GM crops in their agricultural practice."

The original article is available at http://www.cgiar.org/newsroom/releases/news.asp?idnews=908

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UGANDA EXPLORES NEXT GENERATION COTTON
In July 2009, Uganda's National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) began field testing insect-resistant Bollgard II and herbicide-resistant Roundup Ready Flex cotton. NARO gained access to these biotechnologies through a public-private partnership with Monsanto, the developer of the technologies. NARO is now testing the suitability of these technologies for Uganda through field trials in Eastern and Western Uganda. The field tests were made possible as Uganda has established regulations to oversee the testing of biotech crops.

The Agricultural Biotechnology Support Project II (ABSPII), funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and led by Cornell University, brokered the partnership between NARO and Monsanto. ABSPII provides technical and resource support to NARO and other public sector partners in Uganda. Cotton is one of Uganda's most significant cash crops and is an important source of income for thousands of small scale farmers in the country.

For more information contact Andrea Besley at alm62@cornell.edu.

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KENYA STUDENTS HAVE LOW BIOTECH AWARENESS
Participants to a Symposium on Social Change at the University of Nairobi, Kenya on July 22, 2009 showed that people want to know more about biotechnology. Of 79 people who responded to a survey questionnaire provided by the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) AfriCenter, about 68 percent knew "a little" about biotechnology. All of them had heard about the technology but were skeptical about its safety.

Respondents revealed that their opinion about biotechnology was based on what they read in newspapers and seen and heard over television. However, an expert on the field was perceived to be most trustworthy followed by mass media, agricultural ministry officials, and university staff. Respondents wanted to know more about the technology and related developments and concerns.

In the symposium Dr. Margaret Karembu, director of ISAAA AfriCenter, gave an introduction to biotechnology and the existing as well as potential applications of genetically modified crops.

For details about the symposium email Brigitte Bitta of ISAAA AfriCenter at b.bitta@isaaa.org.

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AMERICAS
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RESEARCHERS IDENTIFY PLANT BARCODE GENES
An international team of scientists have identified a pair of "barcode" genes that can distinguish the majority of plant species on Earth. Barcode genes contain DNA sequences that vary greatly among different species but not at all within them. In the future, scientists hope to develop a hand held barcode scanner, akin to a supermarket scanner, which could identify a plant species by sequencing its DNA tags and comparing it with a library of barcode sequences.

We compared the performance of the seven leading candidate gene regions against three criteria: ease of obtaining DNA sequences; quality of the DNA sequences; and ability to tell species apart based on a sample of 550 species of land plants," said Spencer Barrett, professor at the University of Toronto and member of the research team. "Based on this global analysis we recommended that matK and rbcL, two chloroplast genes, are adopted as the DNA barcode for land plants."

"Barcoding provides an efficient means by which we can discover the many undescribed species that exist on earth," Spencer explained. "This discovery is important because understanding biodiversity is crucial to long-term human existence on the planet."

Read the original article at http://www.news.utoronto.ca/science-and-technology/u-of-t-botanists-help-to barcode-worlds-plans.html

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SCIENTISTS TEAM UP TO END MALNUTRITION IN AFRICA
Three organizations based in Missouri, the St. Louis Children's Hospital, the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center and Washington University School of Medicine, have started a new program that aims to end malnutrition in the developing world, particularly in Africa. The focus of the newly formed Global Harvest Alliance (GHA) will be to create low-cost, nutritionally complete foods to prevent and treat all forms of under-nutrition. Plant and physician-scientists from the Missouri-based organizations will work together to develop nutrient-rich and pest and disease-resistant crops that can be disseminated through smallholder farmers.

The GHA team will be headed by Mark Manary, a professor of pediatrics at the Washington University School of Medicine. Manary is well known for his work on a fortified, peanut-butter based food that is widely used in developing countries to treat severe malnutrition. "People in the developing world derive most of their nutrients from plants; plants constitute 90% of the diet of many Africans," said Manary. "Therefore effective prevention strategies must include food crops that provide more complete nutrition."

Researchers are now testing vitamin A and protein-fortified cassava varieties in greenhouses in the United States. The scientists said that these varieties are expected to be widely available in Africa within the next 10 years, improving survival-rates and quality of life for millions of children and families that would otherwise suffer malnutrition.

For more information, read http://www.danforthcenter.org/newsmedia/NewsDetail.asp?nid=170

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SEMBIOSYS AWARDED KEY U.S. PATENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF INSULIN IN PLANTS
A grant to manufacture insulin at a commercial production scale has been granted by the U.S. Patent Office to SemBioSys Genetics Inc, a Calgary, Alberta-based world leader in manufacturing high-value proteins and oils in plant seeds. The patent entitled Methods for the Production of Insulin in Plants will ensure the exclusivity of the company to commercialize the insulin-production technology in the U.S. and offers competitive advantages to potential partners who wish to supply the expanding diabetes market. "This patent further strengthens our unique proprietary position on the production of high-value pharmaceuticals using plants. Human insulin is currently the world's largest-volume protein pharmaceutical and is an ideal target for our oilbody-oleosin technology platform," said James Szarko, President and CEO of SemBioSys.

Only recently, a successful phase I/II clinical trials showed the bioequivalence between SemBioSys' plant-made insulin and Humulin(R) R. Eli Lilly's widely-used recombinant human insulin. A counterpart to this patent was issued in Europe last year, and corresponding patents are pending in Canada, Australia, Japan, China, India and Mexico.

For details, see the press release at: http://micro.newswire.ca/release.cgi?rkey=1707309704&view=36078-0&Start=0
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
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GATES FOUNDATION RECEIVES INDIRA GANDHI PRIZE
Lauding the exemplary philanthropy for global health, agriculture and development, the President of India, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presented the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development for 2007 to Mr. Bill Gates of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF). The President of India said "It is fitting that the foundation bearing the name of Bill Gates is being presented an award named after Indira Gandhi who had a firm belief that science was at the very core of human advancement." In addition to the President, Vice President of India Shri Mohammad Hamid Ansari, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Mrs. Sonia Gandhi, President, Indian National Congress, party graced the occasion.

The Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development was set up over two decades ago in memory of one of the most charismatic leaders of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India. She had a scientific temper which led her to steer the Green Revolution in India. The country surged ahead to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains with the advances of technology - improved seeds, fertilizers and controlled irrigation. She also constantly strove to provide to the scientific community, an enabling environment for research and innovation. "As a tribute to her memory, the exceptional work of the organization is recognized whose contributions around the world, have been an inspiration to others," said Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation seeks to contribute to the global fight to overcome poverty, hunger and disease, to promote research and education, to work for agricultural development and to provide financial services to the poor. Mr. Bill Gates is the first business leader among 23 recipients in the last two decades to receive this prestigious award.

A copy of the speech of President Shrimati Pratibha Devisingh Patil during the presentation of the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development 2007 is available athttp://presidentofindia.nic.in/sp250709.html

Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh's address at the presentation of the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize is available at: http://www.pmindia.nic.in/lspeech.asp?id=802

For more details about the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) visit http://www.gatesfoundation.org/ For more information about biotech development in India, contact b.choudhary@cgiar.org and k.gaur@cgiar.org

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SCIENTISTS HELP AFGHANISTAN FIGHT DEADLY WHEAT DISEASE
Researchers from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and the International Center for the Improvement of Maize and Wheat (CIMMYT) are working together to help Afghanistan fight an intruder, a deadly new virulent race of the wheat stem rust . Known as UG99, the new strain is on a global march, wreaking havoc along its way and threatening the global wheat supply. It has recently been spotted in Iran and now threatens Afghanistan.

"It is only a matter of time before it reaches Afghanistan and then South Asia," said Mahmoud Solh, ICARDA director general. "We have been lucky so far, but we know that the disease is heading in this direction, and most of the varieties planted in the region are at risk. In fact, most of the wheat varieties used around the world are vulnerable to this stem rust; the last major outbreak of stem rust was seen during the 1950s."

ICARDA and CIMMYT have provided farmers in Afghanistan with high yielding and disease resistant varieties of wheat. Thirteen farmers' associations, known collectively as the Afghan National Seed Organization (ANSAR), also have been created to grow seed of improved varieties for sale to other farmers.

Visit http://www.icarda.org/ for more information.

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KTNA SUPPORTS BIOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
KTNA (National Outstanding Farmer and Fisherman Association) has committed to support biotechnology development in Indonesia. This was concluded in two farmer workshops conducted in Kediri on 16 July 2009 and Lampung on 22 July 2009. The workshops with the theme "Biotechnology for farmers' independence" was aimed to provide good understanding on agriculture biotechnology and to establish relationships with industries and farmer associations. Organized by the Indonesian Biotechnology Information Center (IndoBIC) and KTNA, and supported by SEAMEO BIOTROP, Indonesian Society for Agricultural Biotechnology (PBPI) and ISAAA, the event was participated by 45 farmers, members of associations, and grain councils.

KTNA is an independent Indonesian organization oriented towards agribusiness and environment friendly agriculltural technologies to improve the social status in the agricultural sector. As one of the biggest farmer associations in Indonesia, KTNA will have an important role in the development of agriculture, including biotechnology. According to Ir. Winarno Tohir, head of the KTNA, "We need to establish collaboration with local agricultural organizations in order to achieve farmers' independence. The development and application of biotechnology is very important towards this end". He also cited the "Seeing is believing" as an activity needed by the farmers to see successes in the adoption of biotechnology.

Prominent Indonesian scientists Prof. Dr. Bambang Sugiharto from Jember University and Prof. Dr. Setyo Dwi Utomo from University of Lampung also discussed international and local agricultural development innovations in biotechnology.

For more information on this event, email Dewi Suryani of IndoBIC at dewisuryani@biotrop.org.

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BIO-BUSINESS PROSPECTS IN INDONESIA
"Indonesian bio-business could become internationally competitive", said the authors of the paper on "Bio-business, a new gold mine in Indonesia." The paper was presented by Ms. Dewi Suryani of Indonesian Biotechnology Information Center and Kalman Emry Wijaya of the School of Pharmacy during the 1st Indonesian Conference for Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Small Business 2009. Indonesia is the second country in the world that has the largest biodiversity which could open big opportunities and prospects in bio-business. However, there are a lot of challenges that hamper developments in medical and agriculture biotechnology, the development of which is the basis of bio-business.

Among the recommendations discussed by the authors include: improving the public understanding of biotechnology (agriculture, medical, transgenic and other related issues); inclusion of local government (central and autonomy system) in policies regarding biotechnology; establishing the regulatory system (act, decree, guideline) by the government to convince investors and opponents; supporting several biotechnology institutions in the development and promotion of biotechnology products (GMO, medical biotechnology); and optimizing collaboration and the use of infrastructure in intra and inter research center/university in Indonesia.

For more information about the paper on "Bio-business, a new gold mine in Indonesia", visit http://www.ciel-sbm-itb.com/icies/ or contact the author at dewisuryani@biotrop.org

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EUROPE
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GLOBAL WELFARE EFFECTS OF GM SUGAR BEET
The global sugar sector can benefit from genetically modified (GM) sugar beet with significant gains accruing to farmers and consumers, and to a lesser extent, the gene developers and seed suppliers. However, since only the U.S. currently accepts the technology the rest of the global community is unable to benefit from the biotech crop. Koen Dillen and Eric Tollens of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in an article Global Welfare Effects of GM Sugar Beet under Changing EU Sugar Policies published in AgbioForum provide theoretical possibilities if GM sugar beet is allowed for commercialization in the EU.

Dillen and Tollens estimate that the theoretical global value of HT sugar beet for the period 1996-2014 is at €15.4 billion, of which 29% is captured by EU farmers, 31% by farmers and consumers in the rest of the world, and 39% by the seed sector.

Download the full article at http://www.agbioforum.org/v12n1/v12n1a11-dillen.htm

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GERMANY'S GM MAIZE BAN UNFOUNDED, SCIENTISTS SAY
Germany's current ban on the cultivation of the genetically modified insect-resistant corn MON810 is "not scientifically grounded", according to the country's Central Commission for Biological Safety (ZKBS). The German Agriculture Ministry, last April, presented new evidences on the potential environmental impact of the insect-resistant maize, specifically six scientific papers describing possible detrimental effects of the MON810-produced Bt protein on non-target arthropods, crustaceans and mollusks. These studies, on which the ban on the GM maize is based, were analyzed by the ZKBS.

"After consideration of all the available scientific information, and according to the precautionary principle, the cultivation of MON810 does not present any risk for the environment," the ZKBS concluded after scrutinizing the studies. According to a report by the GMO compass, the Central Commission found "shortcomings in the experimental set-up" or "marginal scientific quality" in some of the studies.

A similar conclusion was made by researchers from the Joseph Fourier University, Paris-Sud 11 University and the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) after analyzing the studies. Agnes Ricroch and colleagues, in a paper published by Transgenic Research, wrote that the German ban "is based on an incomplete list of references, ignores the widely admitted case-by-case approach, and confuses potential hazard and proven risk in the scientific procedure of risk assessment."

For more information, read http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/news/455.docu.html andhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-009-9297-5
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ORGANIC FOOD NOT HEALTHIER THAN CONVENTIONAL PRODUCE, STUDY FINDS
Consumers are willing to pay a premium for food produced organically based on claimed health and nutritional benefits. The global organic food market was estimated to be worth USD 47 billion in 2007. But an international study, published by the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, found there is no evidence of any difference in nutrition between conventional and organically produced food. Researchers from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine led by Alan Dangour, made the "most extensive systematic review of the available published literature on nutrient content of organic food ever conducted." They searched online databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CAB Abstracts, for relevant articles published in the last 50 years.

The researchers found that key nutrients, including magnesium, potassium, calcium and zinc, were similar in organic and conventional crops. However, they found that non-organic crops had significantly higher nitrogen content and that organic crops contain higher levels of phosphorus. Dangour said that these differences relate to differences in production methods, like fertilizer use and ripeness at harvest, and are unlikely to be of any public health relevance. The study was funded and commissioned by the UK Food Standard Agency.

Download the paper at http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/ajcn.2009.28041v1 For more information, readhttp://www.lshtm.ac.uk/news/2009/organicfood.html

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Research
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HIV MICROBICIDES FROM TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS
When you think of tobacco, what's the first thing that comes to mind? You won't think of health benefits, of course. Tobacco use has been associated with numerous diseases, including certain forms of cancer. But the plant could soon redeem itself in the eyes of health experts. Two teams of scientists have recently used tobacco to make large amount of proteins that could prevent the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), bringing the prospect of commercial, protein-based microbicides a step closer to reality.

Despite more than two decades of intense research efforts, scientists are yet to come up with an effective vaccine against HIV. With the absence of an effective HIV vaccine in the horizon, scientists are turning their attention to other prevention methods, particularly the use of topical microbicides.

Continue reading the article athttp://www.isaaa.org/kc/cropbiotechupdate/researchfeatures/default.html#HIV_Microbicides_from_
Transgenic_Tobacco_Plants.htm

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BT CORN POSES NEGLIGIBLE RISK TO WEB BUILDING SPIDERS
Genetically modified corn varieties that produce the insecticidal protein Cry3Bb1 provide an effective way to control corn rootworms (Diabrotica spp.). But concerns have been expressed on the possible negative effects of Cry protein-producing corn varieties on non-target arthropods. A team of researchers from Switzerland evaluated the effect of Cry3Bb1 on the predatory spider Theridion impressum, a common species in European corn fields.

Quantification of Cry3Bb1 in potential prey species collected in Bt corn plots and prey spectrum analysis revealed that T. impressum ingests Cry3Bb1 in the field. Although Cry3Bb1 is ingested by the spider, the scientists found no evidence of toxicity. In the laboratory, the team found no differences in mortality, weight development or offspring production of spiders provided with food containing or not containing Cry3Bb1.

The paper published by the Plant Biotechnology Journal is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00431.x

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Announcements
INTERNATIONAL PEANUT WORKSHOP IN MALI
The fourth meeting of the International Peanut Genome Initiative (IPGI) on Advances in Arachis through Genomics & Biotechnology (AAGB-2009), will be held in Bamako, Mali, Africa on October 19-22, 2009. It will be held in conjunction with the West & Central Africa Regional Peanut Workshop. Organizers include the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, The Peanut Foundation, and I'Institut d'Economie Rurale.
Email the Conference Secretariat at aagb.icrisat@cgiar.org or visit http://www.peanutbioscience.com/
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AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CONFERENCE
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Mexican Government are organizing an invitation-only international technical conference on "Agricultural biotechnologies in developing countries: Options and opportunities in crops, forestry, livestock, fisheries and agro-industry to face the challenges of food insecurity and climate change" in Guadalajara, Mexico in early 2010. The event is co-sponsored by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB).

For more information, visit http://www.fao.org/biotech/abdc/conference-home/en/
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BIOTECH CONFERENCE IN VIETNAM
The Vietnam Environment Administration and the Institute of Biotechnology of the Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology will host a National Conference on Genetically Modified Organisms and Biosafety Management on August 28 in Hanoi, Vietnam.

For more information, readftp://ftp.cgiar.org/ifpri/Catarina/Vietnam%20National%20Conference%20on%20GM%20Organism-
bio%20safety%20managment%20Augus%202009l%20.doc or contact the event organizers atquyendt2000@yahoo.com and hoangnhan1973@gmail.com